Tyre Safety: How to check your tyres

How do I check my tyres? What is tyre tread depth? These are questions we’ve all asked ourselves at some point or another, and it is vital knowledge every driver on the road should know.

Let’s break down everything you need to know about checking your tyres and keeping them roadworthy.

Why is tyre safety important?

Why is tyre safety so important? How can they be a danger if neglected?

Your tyres are the only part of your vehicle in constant contact with the road.

Worn, underinflated, or damaged tyres can affect everything from braking distance to fuel consumption. In extreme cases, poor maintenance can lead to dangerous blowouts.

A simple inspection can help you avoid costly repairs, accidents, and even fines.

In the UK, driving with tyres below the legal tread depth can result in a fine of up to £2,500 per tyre and three penalty points, whatever the vehicle.

So, it's not just about avoiding inconvenience – maintaining tyres saves you many pennies while keeping you safe on the road.

Checking tyre tread depth: the 20p test

Tread depth is one of the most critical aspects of tyre safety.

For cars and minibuses with a GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight) under 3.5 tonnes the legal minimum tread depth in the UK is 1.6mm, but for optimal performance, you should aim for a depth of at least 3mm.

Driving on worn tyres reduces your grip on the road, especially in wet conditions, increasing your risk of aquaplaning and longer stopping distances.

One easy way to check your tread depth is by using the 20p test. Simply take a 20p coin and insert it into the grooves of your tyre tread.

If the outer band of the coin is hidden when inserted, your tread is within the legal limits. If you can see the coin’s outer band, it’s time to replace your tyres.

Make sure you check the tread depth across the entire width. Uneven wear could be a sign of alignment or suspension issues, so keep an eye out for that too.

For minibuses over GVW 3.5 tonnes the minimum tread depth is 1mm over a continuous band covering at least any three-quarters of the breadth of the tread (the part in contact with road) around the entire circumference.

Minibus tyres over 10 years old

On a minibus with a GVW over 3.5 tonnes it is illegal to use tyres over 10 years old on the front (steering) axle or axles or rear axle, or axles, unless equipped with twin wheels.

To prove the age of the tyre the manufacture date, printed on the tyre, must remain legible on all tyres.

How do you check your tyre pressure?

Tyre pressure is another key component of tyre safety. Overinflated or underinflated tyres can cause uneven wear, affect handling, and increase your fuel consumption.

Underinflated tyres, in particular, can overheat and lead to blowouts – a risk no driver should take lightly.

So, how do you check your tyre pressure? Is it safe to do it yourself?

It might sound daunting, but it’s actually quite simple.

To check your tyre pressure, use a reliable pressure gauge. You can usually find the recommended pressure for your vehicle in the owner's manual or on a sticker inside the driver’s door.

We recommend checking your tyre pressure at least once a month and always before long trips.

Bear in mind that tyre pressure can fluctuate depending on the weather. Cold air can cause the pressure to drop, so you might need to adjust it during colder months.

Spotting damage: What else should you look out for?

It’s not just tread depth and pressure you need to worry about. Tyres can suffer from various types of damage that may not be immediately obvious but can severely affect your safety on the road.

Start by inspecting your tyres for any cuts, bulges, or cracks. These could be a sign of internal damage and could lead to a blowout if left unchecked. Bulges, in particular, indicate that the tyre’s structure has been compromised and that replacement is necessary.

Check for punctures, too. If you spot a nail or sharp object embedded in your tyre, don’t just assume it’s fine to carry on driving.

Even if it’s holding air for now, it could lead to a slow leak or cause further damage. Have it inspected by a professional as soon as possible.

Lastly, don’t forget about your tyre sidewalls. These often show the first signs of cracking or ageing, especially if your car is exposed to harsh sunlight or temperature extremes. Sidewall damage compromises the strength of the tyre, so don’t ignore it.

Your driver’s daily minibus inspections are a way to ensure your minibus tyres are in good order and any problems are immediately spotted.

Tyre Sealant Kits

A lot of newer vehicle models come with a tyre sealant kit instead of a spare tyre.

While these kits can be a convenient solution, they have an expiry date printed on the sealant bottle or kit. It’s essential to check this expiry date during each service to ensure the kit will be effective if you need it.

Sealant kits work by sealing small punctures and reinflating the tyre.

However, they’re typically only a temporary fix. Regularly inspecting your sealant kit and replacing it when necessary can prevent you from getting stranded with a flat.

Tyre rotation and balancing

Rotation is an essential part of tyre maintenance and helps to ensure even wear across all four tyres. Front tyres often wear out faster than rear ones due to the extra weight and stress they bear.

Rotating your tyres every 6,000 miles or so will help extend their lifespan and maintain better handling.

Balancing your tyres is equally important.

Unbalanced tyres can cause vibrations at higher speeds and uneven wear patterns. If you notice your steering wheel shaking or your car pulling to one side, it might be time to get your tyres balanced or aligned.

Don’t forget the spare!

While many newer cars no longer come with a spare tyre, if you’re driving an older model, this tip is still crucial.

Checking a spare tyre is often overlooked, but it can be a lifesaver in a pinch. You don’t want to get stuck with a flat only to find out your spare is in worse shape!

Take the time to inspect your spare for any signs of damage, check the pressure, and make sure it’s ready to use if needed.

If you have a space-saver tyre, remember that it’s only meant for temporary use, so avoid driving at high speeds or over long distances with it.

Regular Checks and Professional Inspections

While it’s important to know how to check your tyres yourself, don’t skip professional inspections.

Tyre specialists can spot issues that might not be obvious to the untrained eye and can advise on whether it’s time for a replacement.

Making tyre checks a habit, not just a seasonal task, will keep you safer on the roads.

Proper tyre maintenance improves handling, reduces fuel costs, and helps you avoid unnecessary breakdowns or accidents. Save yourself money in the long-run and book yourself a tyre health check now.

From checking your tread depth to ensuring your tyre pressure is spot on, taking a few simple steps can drastically reduce your risk of accidents and improve your vehicle’s performance whether it’s your car or your minibus.